12/8/2023 0 Comments Andy daly review full episodes![]() From episode to episode, the show takes extensive time-jumps and includes multiple deaths, along with a marital breakup that feels real. But he can’t, ever: inevitably, his experiments leave scars, and bad memories, for him and those around him. Forrest behaves as if he can do something, rate it, and then get out. Instead, beginning with the indelible third episode-titled “Pancakes, Divorce, Pancakes”-the show dove into startling existential depths, combining surrealism with a devotion to emotional continuity. This concept could easily be a gimmick, with each “challenge” a stand-alone sketch. He rates each experience on a scale of five stars. But is it any good?” Rather than featuring judgments of books or movies, each segment of “Review” revolves around Forrest trying out new life experiences, each of which is suggested by (fictional) viewers: among other things, he’s tried addiction, “being Batman,” and attending the prom. ![]() On “Review,” which is now midway through its second season, Andy Daly plays Forrest MacNeil, a chipper square who hosts a TV show, which is also called “Review.” “Life!” Forrest announces as each episode begins. Bring me your avant-garde double episode of “Louie,” your four-thousand-word thinkpiece on “Too Many Cooks.” Bring me your Web series with only one actual good episode, but that one is really good, I swear!ĭefinitely bring me more episodes of Comedy Central’s dark sleeper comedy “Review,” an agitating, legitimately funny, and surprisingly profound sitcom about the underside of being a critic-a show that I only started watching because another critic finally talked me into it. In theory, this should be a nightmare for someone like me, a Gen X-er with a longtime grudge against her generation’s hideous conflation of personal identity and obscure musical taste-but the truth is, I eat it up. The more tenuous the relationship to actual human laughter, the more prestigious. The more offbeat, the better to brag about. ![]() Indie sitcoms are having a moment: culturally speaking, they’re the new indie music. But is it any good?” PHOTOGRAPH BY DANNY FELD / COMEDY CENTRAL On “Review,” Andy Daly plays Forrest MacNeil, a chipper square who hosts a TV show, which is also called “Review.” “Life!” Forrest announces as each episode begins. ![]()
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12/8/2023 0 Comments Bus simulator 2015 online game![]() All other names, trademarks and logos are property of their respective owners. Online CutOff Low Mobile Game Scoring Games Webteknohaber, cutOff Online Racing is a high-octane racing game Read More RFS Real Flight Simulator Best 5. Categories in which City Bus Simulator is included. ![]() City Bus Simulator is playable online as an HTML5 game, therefore no download is necessary. City Bus Simulator unblocked to be played in your browser or mobile for free.io. The buses in this game may be different from the actual products in shapes, colours and performance. Play now City Bus Simulator for free on LittleGames. in the United States of America and elsewhere. Unreal® is a trademark or registered trademark of Epic Games, Inc. The VOLVO trademarks (word and device), other related trademarks, if applicable, and the Volvo designs are licensed by the AB Volvo Group. THE SCANIA DESIGN, TRADEMARK, LOGOTYPE AND WORDMARK IS USED UNDER LICENSE FROM SCANIA CV AB. and used under license by astragon Entertainment GmbH. IVECO BUS and URBANWAY are trademarks owned by IVECO S.p.A. Manufactured under licence of MAN, Alexander Dennis Limited, BYD, Blue Bird and Vicinity Motor Corp. “Setra” and “K im Kreis” are trademarks of EvoBus GmbH and used under license by astragon Entertainment GmbH. “Mercedes-Benz” and “Three pointed star in a ring” are trademarks of Daimler AG and used under license by astragon Entertainment GmbH. Bus Simulator, Bus Simulator 21, astragon, astragon Entertainment and its logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of astragon Entertainment GmbH. © 2023 Published and distributed by astragon Entertainment GmbH. Play in either single-player or synced multiplayer mode, transport your passengers safely and promptly to their destinations and be rewarded for your timely and safe driving at the end of pay day.įreely usable convenience features, such as quickly jumping to desired stops on the map (fast travel), fast forwarding time, and directly taking over the routes of your NPC buses, all complete the virtual bus driver package and guarantee even more fun behind the wheel!Įnjoy Bus Simulator 21 on PC or consoles for the most comprehensive bus driving experience in the history of the series! Plus, the revised traffic and pedestrian AI, improved graphics, and a dynamic day-night cycle tightly linked to the peak hours system as well as different weather conditions ensure an even more immersive bus driving experience. Next Stop comes with an optional free map extension DLC with lots of new tasks for owners of the main game – get it now on Steam!"ĭo you prefer getting up from behind the desk and taking steering your buses into your own hands? No problem! The auto-features of Bus Simulator 21 can take over your management duties and let pure bus drivers simply enjoy their time on the road. As you can see, it is not easy for whoever a driver to control this type of bus and accomplish the passengers transporting missions. Metro Bus Simulator is a metro bus driving simulation game with 3D game platform. ![]() ![]() Includes bug fixes and game improvements for smoother gameplay. Play Metro Bus Simulator Game Online Metro Bus Simulator is an online game that you can play on BestGames for free. ![]() This major update adds a brand-new career mode to the game. Get the free DLC now and expand your gameplay! Look forward to a new area in the north of the ""Angel Shores"" North American map. In addition to the Next Stop update, the free, official map extension DLC is coming to Steam. You have access to all the bus stops and bus models right from the start of the game and don't have to unlock everything gradually by completing missions. Realistic Maps (Los Angeles, Paris, Rome, Berlin, Alaska, etc.) - 15 Buses (articulated, double-decker, school, etc.It's your stop! Bus Simulator 21 Next Stop is here! Enjoy many game improvements and a brand-new game mode with this comprehensive update.Ĭareer Mode combines Sandbox Mode with the campaign's economic system. Free Download MOD APK Android Bus Simulator 2015īus Simulator 2015 is the latest simulation game that will offer you the chance to become a real Bus Driver! Realistic maps, incredible vehicles, wonderful interiors will make you feel like driving a real bus! It's time to get on board and drive the bus to complete all the routes! Next-gen graphics including people animations, articulated, double and school buses will make this bus game the best on the market! ![]() 12/8/2023 0 Comments Norton android![]() ![]() If you aren’t picky about which country you appear to be in, there’s an Auto-select option that will find the best country for you automatically.
![]() Example: Select object doorfrontleft left click where you want origin/pivot location You should see target appear where you clicked Notes: only use one origin/pivot location per object. The AE86 would go on to inspire the Toyota 86, a 2+2 sports car jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru. Community Created Artwork for Car Mechanic Simulator 2018. ![]() In 2015, Road & Track called the AE86 "a cult icon, inextricably interwoven with the earliest days of drifting." The AE86 was featured centrally in the popular, long-running Japanese manga and anime series titled Initial D - as the main character's drift and tofu delivery car. Hot Wheels Boneshaker Now updated to spawn in more places. Find more custom cars, custom licence plates or custom localization packs. Install this mod and add Mad Max MFP Interceptor to your garage in this new part of Car Mechanic Simulator. Gollywog collection (all of my mods) 78 items. Turn your small workshop into a first-class car service. Faulty Parts in the job screen are now ordered alphabetically, and discovered parts are showed first at the top. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos Workshop News Guides Reviews. Widely popular for Showroom Stock, Group A, and Group N, Rally and Club racing, the cars inherent qualities also earned the AE86 an early and enduring international prominence in the motorsport discipline of drifting. This mod brings some Quality-of-Life improvements that were introduced in Car Mechanic Simulator 2021 with some more features exclusive to this mod: General tweaks: Added Tablet to Pie Menu while working on a car. Lending themselves to racing, the cars were light, affordable, easily modifiable and combined a five-speed manual transmission, optional limited slip differential, MacPherson strut front suspension, high revving, twin-cam engine with oil cooler (in the US), near 50/50 front/rear weight balance, and importantly, a front-engine/rear-drive layout - at a time when this configuration was waning industry-wide. Car Mechanic Simulator 18 MOD APK v2.1.75 (Unlimited Money) JSimulation Additional Information Genres Offline, Simulation Google Play ID 2017 Rating Version 2.1.75 Developer PlayWay SA Requires 5.1 Size 214. You can eventually upgrade your garage to include specific equipment such as lacquer sprayer or a parts warehouse.The AE86 series of the Toyota Corolla Levin and Toyota Sprinter Trueno are small, front-engine/rear-drive models within the fifth generation Corolla range - marketed by Toyota from 1983 to 1987 in coupe and hatchback configurations. If additional and extra tools are needed, they available for purchase. Game’s infinite number of randomly generated missions will keep you more than busy (and dirty).Įach mission offers its own unique challenge of varying difficulty and time constraints to meet. It’s time to roll up your sleeves and get to work!Ĭar Mechanic Simulator also includes car auctions where old cars are available for resale or purchased for your collection. Featuring more cars (48), more tools (10+), more options and more parts (1000+) than ever before. This Car Mechanic Shop 2018 mod allows players to buy items in part overview with the press of a button. Build and expand your repair service empire in this incredibly detailed and highly realistic simulation game, where attention to car detail is astonishing. Find classic, unique cars in the new Barn Find module and Junkyard module. You can even add your self-made car in the Car Editor. Find classic, unique cars in the new Barn Find module and Junkyard module.īuild and expand your repair service empire in this incredibly detailed and highly realistic simulation game, where attention to car detail is astonishing.Īll this with new, photorealistic graphics. This is a mod for CMS 2018 that will change the fictional brands of tools/parts to the real life alternatives. Car Mechanic Simulator challenges players to repair, paint, tune and drive cars. Build and expand your repair service empire in this incredibly detailed and highly realistic simulation game, where attention to car detail is astonishing. Car Mechanic Simulator challenges players to repair, paint, tune and drive cars. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Plaster Caster collection includes Cynthia’s “Plaster Casters of Chicago” suitcase – which served as both portable storage for her casting tools and as a highly-visible calling card that she used to attract the attention of musicians and their entourages - as well as a host of additional music memorabilia that paints a picture of the vibrant early world of rockers and groupies. This is about contextualizing things so her archives can be looked at and researched in the future by scholars." That’s something we were passionate about. “They have an archive that is accessible to people. “The Kinsey Institute is a teaching institution,” Kellner added. “We know the Kinsey Institute can provide the attention and sincere representation of Cynthia’s vast talent and life mission.” “Cynthia wanted people to know who she was and what her role in music history was, rock and roll musical history, especially,” Novak said. “She did it in a very unorthodox and original way - how cool is that? No one else had the bravery to memorialize someone this way.”įollowing her death in April 2022, long-time friends Babette Novak and Chris Kellner contacted the Kinsey Institute regarding her collection. “What I see in Cynthia’s work is twofold: this amazing respect she had for the musicians and the way that she honors them with her art and her craft,” said Melanie Cooper Pennington, a lecturer in sculpture in the IU Eskenazi School of Art, Architecture + Design and affiliate faculty of the Kinsey Institute. Her many diaries include meticulous notes she took of each casting session and document her commitment to continually evolving and improving the composition of her casting materials and her molding technique. Additional items in the collection offer a fascinating glimpse of Cynthia’s artistic process. The new collection at the Kinsey Institute includes many of these famous plaster penis molds, bronze penis casts, breast casts, and a plethora of original drawings, prints, notes, and annotated books. ![]() In 2000, she began casting female musicians’ breasts including Suzi Gardner of L7, singer Peaches, and Karen O. Many of these plaster molds were also cast in bronze. From 1968 through 2014, she cast over 70 phalluses of mostly rock and punk musicians, tour and road managers, actors, and artists, including Jimi Hendrix, Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys, Pete Shelley of the Buzzcocks, actor and singer Anthony Newley, and “Ivan” of the Flying Karamazov Brothers. The Kinsey Institute at Indiana University has acquired an historic collection of artwork, memorabilia and personal effects from renowned artist Cynthia Albritton, also known as Cynthia Plaster Caster.Ĭynthia Plaster Caster became famous for creating plaster casts of musicians’ erect penises. ![]() ![]() While some were able to use time and space compression to their advantage. ![]() Like David Harvey, we argue that money needs to be integrated into such analysis, along with space and time. In Doreen Masseys language the power geometries have shifted at various scales. What does it mean to live life stretched out, multiplyattached to places across national space? What kinds of place attachments emerge for people temporarily sojourning in, rather than moving to, new places to reside and work? Our analysis of the spatiotemporalities of migrant workers’ experiences in India suggests that, over time, this group of workers use their own agency to seek to avoid the experience of humiliation and indignity in employment relations. And the time-space compression which is involved in producing and reproducing the daily lives of the comfortably-off in First World societies - not just their own travel but the resources they draw on, from all over the world, to feed their lives - may entail environmental consequences, or hit constraints, which will limit the lives of others before their own. Doreen Massey maintains this idea about time-space compression in her discussion of globalization and its effect on our society. for the dis-comfort with globalism and modern time-space compression2. Doreen Massey speaking on spacial justice at the University of Westminster, 2011. Building on a case study of low-paid and insecure migrant manual workers in the context of rapid economic growth in India, we examine both material and subjective dimensions of these workers’ spatiotemporal experiences. Tim Ingold (Ethnologie), Doreen Massey (Geographie) oder Karl. Doreen Barbara Massey, geographer, theorist and political activist, born 3 January 1944 died 11 March 2016. That is its challenge, and one that has been. In the relatively rare instances when the spatialities of temporary migrant work, workers’ journeys, and labour-market negotiations have been the subject of scholarly attention, there has been little work that integrates time into the analysis. If time is the dimension of change then space is the dimension of the the contemporaneous co-existence of others. What such a differential conception of the relation between time and space necessarily obscures is a full recognition of their coeval implication, or what. ![]() 12/7/2023 0 Comments Louis vuitton checkbook covers![]() Processing: Please allow for 1-2 business days for your order to be fulfilled during peek holiday times (all major usa holidays). Insurance: Every package over the value of $250 will have insurance and a signature required. We offer FREE domestic shipping to anyone in the USA. Please note: The photos shown are of the actual product that you will receive. If you would like a detailed outline of our condition ranking click here. *Please know that our items are pre loved and may show signs of wear. On 1stDibs, the unmistakable insignia can be found on both modern and vintage Louis Vuitton shoulder bags, suitcases, original 19th-century trunks, jackets and more.Extras: Comes with DAC dust bag Condition The LV monogram would soon appear on everything from bags and various fashion accessories to alligator-skin champagne cases, from stylish apparel and earrings to teddy bears and airplane models. It’s one of the earliest examples of fashion branding. The famous LV monogram was first used in 1896 as part of an initiative by Georges to prevent counterfeiting of his coveted new line of travel trunks. It’s only appropriate that it boasts one of the most recognizable insignias - the imaginative interlocking of letters and fleurettes - in the fashion world. The Louis Vuitton brand embodies all the attributes of luxury, from the craftsmanship, exclusivity and relevance to heritage. The largest travel-goods store in the world at the time, it became the company’s flagship. In 1914, a Louis Vuitton store opened at 70 Champs-Élysées. When Louis Vuitton died in 1892, control of the luxury house was passed onto his only son, Georges Vuitton. Travel’s popularity broadened in the late 19th century, and Vuitton’s trunks could easily be packed into train cars and ships - upright trunks meant hanging wardrobe storage that would allow his clients to transport their sophisticated garments without worry. In 1858, Vuitton debuted his lightweight, handcrafted canvas trunks, which were sturdy, rugged and equipped with convenient compartments. The most common trunks of the era were round, which weren’t ideal for toting and storing. Long before his brand would become known globally for its exemplary top-handle bags and stylish totes, Vuitton produced stackable and rectangular trunks. The craftsman opened a humble workshop on rue Neuve des Capucines and advertised his services with a small poster that read: “Securely packs the most fragile objects. In 1854, Vuitton launched his namesake company. He toiled as a box maker and packer for more than a decade and built relationships with royals and members of the upper class while working for the empress of France, Eugenie de Montijo. When he arrived in Paris, Vuitton made a living with his hands. With stops along the way to make money so that he could forge ahead, the journey took a couple of years, but reward was close at hand. ![]() The young Vuitton was 13 at the time and would need to travel on foot to get to the capital, which was hundreds of miles away. The company’s modest origins can be traced back to when its founder, Louis Vuitton (1821–92), wishing to free himself from the conventional lifestyle in his provincial French city of Anchay as well as a difficult stepmother, left in the early 1830s to make a new life in Paris. The story behind iconic luxury brand Louis Vuitton - best known for its esteemed handbags, crossbody bags, leather goods, ready-to-wear clothing and more - is one of craft and innovation in the worlds of fashion, jewelry and furniture. ![]() 12/7/2023 0 Comments Postgresql for loop cursor![]() SQL cursors are closed with the CLOSE statement, or by the end of the transaction. Like PL/pgSQL, SQL also has a MOVE statement that moves the cursor position without retrieving rows. There is also an SQL statement FETCH that is more powerful than its PL/pgSQL equivalent, in that it can fetch more than one row at a time. ASENSITIVE and INSENSITIVE are redundant in PostgreSQL and are there for SQL standard compatibility.WITH HOLDmakes a cursor that won't close on its own when a transaction is finished.SCROLL means that you can move the cursor position backwards to fetch the same rows several times.BINARY will fetch the results in the internal binary format, which may be useful if you want to read bytea columns and avoid the overhead of escaping them as strings.Here is a brief explanation of each choice: Read more MongoDB profiler and database performance problem diagnosis and identification The following is a simple example of PL/pgSQL code that makes use of a cursor: LANGUAGE plpgsql $$DECLARE and / CURSOR FOR SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables, * declare and open * WHERE table_name LIKEs "old_%" AND table_schema = "mydata" text in the schema and names OPEN LOOP /* prevent SQL injection /* EXECUTE format('DROP TABLE%I.%I', v_schema, v_name) END LOOP /* get the next result row /* FETCH c INTO v_schema, v_name /* system variable FOUND is set by FETCH /* EXIT WHEN NOT FOUND /* prevent SQL injection /* Not required close the window end $ Another benefit of using a cursor is that you can run multiple SQL statements concurrently, which is typically not possible in a single database session. In procedural code on the client or in the database, cursors are especially helpful because they let you loop through the results of a query. A position within a result set is indicated by a cursor. A cursor, however, enables you to fetch the result rows one at a time. ![]() You receive the entire result set in one step when a regular query is executed. When a query is ready to be run, PostgreSQL makes a portal where the result rows can be fetched. ![]() We will also see the dangers involved and how to properly use WITH HOLD cursors in a PL/pgSQL procedure. This article describes how cursors and transactions interact and how WITH HOLD can work around their limitations. Feature article NPMD solutions play a key role in helping IT ops support increasingly complex technologies and services with network visibility, detection of performance issues and root cause analysisĬursors and transactions serve as the basic building blocks for creating database applications.The first of its kind, DPM provides decision support for each stage of the performance problem lifecycle DPM DPM is an innovative platform for IT production database performance management.If that isn't the case, you need to update your question to include more details on what you're trying to do with this procedure. In all three cases, I've assumed that you were trying to update the start_date column (and that it's of DATE datatype). Set start_date = to_date('31-12-4712', 'dd-mm-yyyy') - assuming start_date is of DATE datatype In your case, you didn't even need the cursor to loop through, since you're updating all the rows in tab_abc, so your update becomes simply: create or replace package body package_name However, far better and more performant is to use a single update statement to do the work in one fell swoop, rather than row-by-row. However, there's an easier way of looping through a cursor, where you don't have to worry about creating a variable to return values into, opening or closing the cursor or fetching the records - the cursor-for-loop will handle all this for you: create or replace package body package_name Into l_person_id, l_eff_start_date, l_eff_end_date Select person_id, eff_start_date, eff_end_date You have some options - first off, here is what your code should look like - you don't need that outer loop at all: create or replace package body package_name ![]() Your code isn't working as you expect because a) you are missing the exit clause from your outer loop, b) until you have fetched at least row, the %ROWCOUNT will return 0 (and even if it had fetched a row, if you're expecting it to return the number of rows in the cursor, then you're sadly mistaken - we'll only know the number of rows returned by the cursor once we've finished fetching all the rows from the cursor), c) with l_eff_start_date = '3' you are trying to set a variable as part of an update statement - this doesn't make sense! - and d) you haven't declared the l_person_id, l_eff_start_date, l_eff_end_date or num_count variables. ![]() ![]() ![]() Let’s be honest here, these apps are incredibly similar and currently there is little to decide between the two. ![]() It’s a little troubling to watch a company slowly form a monopoly over an entire industry, but you can’t say that Adobe doesn’t put its money where its mouth is and rarely puts out a dud app. There is little doubt that Adobce Creative Cloud Express exists to compete with Canva, an attempt to convert their millions of users to Adobe products. Canva vs Creative Cloud ExpressĬanva presents similar features and interface at basically the same price (Image credit: Adobe) Depending on your usage, both the free and premium options present a cheap and viable alternative to a full CC subscription (see our download Adobe Creative Cloud post if you still want to go for the full Cloud subscription). A free three-month trial is also available. It’s included with Creative Cloud All Apps accounts, flagship single-app plans over $20 and free for K-12, while the Premium account is $9.99 / £10.10 a month or an annual subscription of $99.99 / £101.15. People are used to getting a lot of things for free these days and Creative Cloud Express is no exception – it’s immediately free to anyone wanting to try it out and continues to be free with the basic account, albeit with some limitations. Importing is equally selective and it won’t let you import some of the less common file types, such as eps. You can currently export as png, jpg, PDF and mp4, as well as publishing direct from the app, however there are no indications of file size or quality and some notable omissions, such as gifs. There doesn’t seem to be a comment tool in the app, so you may end up with huge back-and-fourth email chains.Īdobe recently acquired ContentCal and have already announced Creative Cloud Express for Enterprise and Teams in 2022, so we can expect more social management and workflow updates in the future. Setting up your own brand makes your logo, brand colours and fonts available in your projects. The premium account lets you create, manage and share projects across CC libraries, bringing consistency across teams and allowing clients to manage their own work. This is enough to add a little dynamism to your social posts, but don’t expect any sort of complex motion graphics. On the plus side, there is a voice over option, which links to the mic on your device, rather than having to record it separately.Īnimation gives you some simple control over text and images, including effects like typewriter, fade, zoom and pan. When adding text you are restricted to placing it in the centre or corners, while font styles cannot be changed, but are based on the theme you have chosen. There are several quick actions for cutting and splicing clips, as well as converting to GIF, but not a lot beyond that. Creative Cloud Express provides more of a glorified slide show than a video editor, with seven basic templates to choose from. Video editing is currently very basic – especially when compared with the best video editing software or the best video editing apps. The video editor is stark and basic, but does a job if you have not alternative (Image credit: Adobe) On top of that, you can transform the appearance of your templated document by cycling through Style, which pairs complementary colour schemes with typefaces to give a great variety of looks. The adaptability doesn’t stop there – Design Layouts modify the layout of the page to suit the content, giving you a speedy way to flick between different ideas at the touch of a button. It’s a shame you're limited to one page size per document and can’t have multiple pages in the same window. There are some teething issues with this and you may have to tweak the results, but overall it’s a quick and easy way to churn through different posts. Smart resizing means you can design a post for one platform and the software effortlessly resizes them to fit other formats. Adobe Creative Cloud Express also connects with previous projects from legacy Adobe Spark users, so you don’t lose anything in the transition. All the standard sizes are catered for, whether you're after print documents or social posts – including Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, Pinterest, Snapchat and Twitter – as well as creating your own custom sizes. You can search and filter the sidebar for specific templates or browse the library to get inspiration. There are thousands of modern, classy templates at your fingertips (Image credit: Adobe)Īdobe CC Express boasts thousands of high-quality templates, taking you from concept to finished graphic in minutes. ![]() 12/7/2023 0 Comments Vitreoretinal surgeons![]() ![]() Patients whose records showed incomplete data were excluded. Eyes with a history of ocular diseases that could cause cataract formation or progression, including corneal disease, glaucoma, uveitis, endophthalmitis, optic nerve disease, and blunt or penetrating trauma, and eyes that had multiple intraocular procedures other than SO removal were also excluded. Eyes that underwent phacovitrectomy were excluded. Patients aged 18y or older with prior PPV who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in the hospital were included. The primary aim of this study was therefore to identify the associations between vitreoretinal surgeons' experience and the time interval from PPV to CE.Īll patients who underwent CE at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China from Januto Jwere enrolled in an electronic medical record system. A previous study found that post-vitrectomy cataract progression is not associated with surgeons' experience, but the study was limited by its sample size, and no further studies have been conducted. However, any association between vitreoretinal surgeons' experience and the time interval from PPV to CE has rarely been reported. The cataract surgeon's grade and annual case volume are related to better visual acuity outcomes and a lower complication rate. The time interval from PPV to CE is determined largely by the speed of progression of cataract after vitrectomy, with more rapid progression indicating shorter time intervals. The exact cause of cataract development after PPV remains unclear some predisposing factors have been proposed, such as patients' age –, the use of silicone oil (SO) or intravitreal gas –, lens injury during PPV, the complexity of vitreoretinal disease, diabetic retinopathy, , and duration of surgery. ![]() Patients with vitreoretinal diseases are generally young, and the eye is unable to accommodate after cataract extraction (CE), which brings many inconveniences to life and work, and increases the health-care costs and financial burden to families and societies. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the most common treatment for cataracts, but there are many surgical challenges in vitrectomized eyes. Cataract formation is a frequent late postoperative complication, with up to 80% – of cases developing cataracts within 2y and of these almost 100% – developing nuclear sclerotic cataract. With the continuous evolution of instrumentation and techniques, pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) has been extensively applied in the treatment of vitreoretinal disorders. ![]() |
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